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Pharmacologic therapy
No drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of RLS, but several drugs approved for other conditions have undergone clinical studies in RLS and found to be helpful. These medications fall into four main classes — dopaminergic agents, sedatives, pain relievers, and anticonvulsants.
Each drug or class of drugs has its own benefits, limitations, and side-effect profile. The medication best suited to your situation depends, among other factors, on the timing and severity of your symptoms.
Dopaminergic agents
The primary and first-line treatment for RLS is with dopaminergic agents — primarily dopamine-receptor agonists like cabergoline (Cabaser), pergolide (Permax), pramipexole (Mirapex), and ropinirole (Requip), as well as drugs like carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet/ Restix) that add dopamine to the system. Cabergoline is used most frequently in Europe where its price is moderate. Although dopaminergic agents are used to treat Parkinson’s disease, RLS is not a form of Parkinson’s disease. All of these drugs should be started at low doses and increased very slowly, with the guidance of your healthcare provider, to decrease potential side effects. Of the dopaminergic agents, L-Dopa (Sinemet/ Restix) has been used the longest, but its use has recently been found to lead to a serious problem, known as augmentation, in the majority of patients who take it for the treatment of RLS.
Sedatives
Sedative agents are most effective for improving sleep quality. They are used either at bedtime in addition to a dopaminergic agent, or are chosen for individuals who have primarily nighttime symptoms. Commonly used sedatives are clonazepam (Klonopin), temazepan (Restoril), and triazolam (Halcion).
Pain relievers
Pain-relieving drugs are used most often when symptoms of RLS are severe and relentless. Some examples of medications in this category include codeine, fentanyl (Duragesic), hydrocodone (Vicodin), methadone, morphine, oxycodone (Percocet), and propoxyphene (Darvon or Darvocet).
The Personal Massager can help
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by an intense urge to move the legs. The Personal Massager can help to alleviate the problem.
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) is a sensomotor disorder characterized by an intense urge to move the legs often associated with a subjective sense of discomfort in the legs (Table 1). Sometimes the arms or other parts of the body are affected. It may be either primary (typically beginning before age 45 and occurring in families) or secondary, occurring in conjunction with other medical conditions, including iron deficiency anemia, pregnancy, and end-stage renal disease. Recent research points to probable involvement of the brain transmitter dopamine and to impaired iron transport within the brain in RLS.
The cause of RLS remains to be fully explored, but recent studies have associated RLS with both decreased brain iron and dopamine abnormalities. It has been postulated that the reduced brain iron produces the dopaminergic abnormalities associated with RLS.
The Personal Massager can solve the problem.
ESSENTIAL RLS FEATURES
These four features must all be present in order for a diagnosis of RLS to be made.
- An urge to move the legs, usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs
- The urge to move or unpleasant sensations begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting
- The urge to move or unpleasant sensations are partially or totally relieved by movement, such as walking or stretching, at least as long as the activity continues
- Unpleasant sensations are worse in the evening or night than during the day or only occur in the evening or night.
Links
Restless Legs Syndrome
Patient Information. Medical Bulletin. Membership. Support Groups. RLS Foundation. Other Sources. Grant Application. "I feel as if worms are creeping... "Sleep/Wake Disorders Canada:
Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Restless Legs Syndrome
Public awareness through information, support, and encouragement, for both those afflicted with a sleep/wake disorder and their families....
Non-medicated methods of relieving sleeplessness
Inadequate sleep as a risk factor for obesity
Address for informations and orders
E-mail: info@massager.ch
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Last modified: 19.03.2010